قید های نظرات و دیدگاه ها
قید های نظرات و دیدگاه ها : قید ها و ساختار های گفتاری، قید محوری وجود دارند که به ما اطلاعات می دهند راجب نقطه نظر گوینده ایده میدهند. یا در مواردی راجب عمل یا در مواردی نظراتی را راجب عمل ارائه میدهند.
این دسته از قید ها با دسته های دیگر متفاوتند، از این زاویه که آنها به ما نمی گویند که عمل چگونه اتفاق افتاده است. قید های اظهار نظر و عقیده کل عبارت را تغییر می دهند، به جای یک فعل یا یک قید یا یک صفت. نمیتوان فرق با وضوحی برای قید های اظهار نظر و قید های عقیده در نظر گرفت به غیر از یک مورد، جایگاهی که در جمله میگیرند. خیلی از قید ها که میتوانند به عنوان قید های عقیده بکار بروند میتوانند به عنوان قید های اظهار نظر هم بکار بروند.
جایگذاری در جمله
قید های عقیده یا دیدگاه به طور معمول در ابتدای جمله قرار میگیرند، مگر در شرایط خیلی نادر که در پایان جمله قرار میگیرند. آنها معمولا مجزا هستند از دیگر قسمت های جمله به وسیله علامت ” ، ” . قید های اظهار نظر قبل از فعل اصلی قرار میگیرند، مگر آنکه فعل to be استفاده شده باشد.
در این حالت جایگذاری قید اظهار نظر میتواند قبل یا بعد فعل اصلی باشد. در بعضی موارد قید های اظهار نظری که پشت فعل گذاشته شده اند از بقیه قسمت های جمله از طریق علامت ” ، ” جدا میشوند.
البته اغلب این اتفاق نمی افتد. در مثال های زیر قید های عقیده و اظهار نظر در جایگاه های مناسبی در جمله قرار داده شده اند. وقتی که جایگذاری در جمله خیلی غیر طبیعی و با آب و تاب یا خیلی رسمی برای زبان محاوره ای باشد، آن جای گذاری با علامت ” *” نشان گذاری می شود.
” برای نمایش کامل محتوای این جدول آنرا به سمت چپ و راست بکشید “
| Viewpoint or commenting adverb | At the start of a sentence | Before the main verb | At the end of a sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| clearly | Clearly, he doesn’t know what he is doing. | He clearly doesn’t know what he is doing. | He doesn’t know what he is doing, clearly. |
| obviously | Obviously, you are acting silly. | You are obviously acting silly | You are acting silly, obviously. |
| personally | Personally, I’d rather go by train. | I’d personally rather go by train. | I’d rather go by train, personally. |
| presumably | Presumably, he didn’t have time to go to the post office. | He presumably didn’t have time to go to the post office. | He didn’t have time to go to the post office, presumably. |
| seriously | Seriously, I can’t give this speech. | I seriously can’t give this speech. | I can’t give this speech, seriously. |
| surely | Surely you tried to get here on time. | You surely tried to get here on time. | You tried to get here on time, surely. |
| technically | Technically, we cannot fly to Mars and back. | We technically cannot fly to Mars and back. | We cannot fly to Mars and back, technically. |
| undoubtedly | Undoubtedly, he has a good reason not to come. | He undoubtedly has a good reason not to come. | He has a good reason not to come, undoubtedly. |
| bravely | Bravely, I kept on walking. | I bravely kept on walking. | *I kept on walking, bravely. |
| carelessly | Carelessly, she threw her book into the pond. | She carelessly threw her book into the pond. | *She threw her book into the pond, carelessly. |
| certainly | Certainly you should be there. | You certainly should be there. / You should certainlybe there. | You should be there, certainly. |
| cleverly | Cleverly, Sally hid the jellybeans. | Sally cleverly hid the jellybeans. | *Sally hid the jellybeans, cleverly. |
| definitely | *Definitely, you are smart. | You defintely are smart. / You are definitely smart. | *You are smart, definitely. |
| foolishly | Foolishly, they cried out. | They foolishly cried out. | They cried out, foolishly. |
| generously | Generously, he donated the money. | He generously donated the money. | *He donated the money, generously. |
| stupidly | Stupidly, they played in the street. | They stupidly played in the street. | *They played in the street, stupidly. |
| obviously | Obviously, we are lost. | We are obviously lost. / *We obviously are lost. | We are lost, obviously. |
| kindly | Kindly, she fed the cat first. | She kindly fed the cat first. | She fed the cat first, kindly. |
| luckily | Luckily, you got here on time. | You luckily got here on time. | You got here on time, luckily. |
| fortunately | Fortunately, we found the boat. | We fortunately found the boat. | We found the boat,fortunately. |
| naturally | Naturally, you cannot be in the circus now. | You naturally cannot be in the circus now. | You cannot be in the circus now, naturally. |
| wisely | Wisely, she stayed home to take a nap. | She wisely stayed home to take a nap. | She stayed home to take a nap, wisely. |
| confidentially | Confidentially, I never gave him the envelope. | I never gave him the envelope, confidentially. | |
| theoretically | Theoretically, we could send astronauts to Mars. | We could theoretically send astronauts to Mars. / We theoretically could send astronauts to Mars. | We could send astronauts to Mars, theoretically. |
| truthfully | Truthfully, I don’t like chocolate much. | I truthfully don’t like chocolate much. | I don’t like chocolate much, truthfully. |
| disappointingly | Disappointingly, she got fourth place. | She disappointingly got fourth place. | She got fourth place, disappointingly. |
| thoughtfully | Thoughtfully, I turned away. | I thoughtfully turned away. | I turned away, thoughtfully. |
| simply | *Simply, I don’t want to come. | I simply don’t want to come. | |
| unbelievably | Unbelievably, she showed up late again. | She unbelievably showed up late again. | She showed up late again, unbelievably. |
| unfortunately | Unfortunately, there is no more room. | There is unfortunately no more room. / There unfortunately is no more room. | There is no more room, unfortunately. |
اگر علاقه مند به مطالعه بیشتر در مورد دیگر حالت های قید هستید، اینجا کلیک کنید
پویا عطایی
Great one!