تغییر زمان و مکان مرجع هنگام سخنرانی
زمان و مکان صحبت ها در هنگام سخنرانی، از حالت مستقیم به حالت گزارشی اغلب تغییر میکند.
|
Phrase in direct speech (عبارت در بیان مستقیم) |
Equivalent in reported speech (معادل عبارت در بیان گزارشی) |
|---|---|
| today (امروز) | that day (آن روز) |
| “I saw him today“, she said. | She said that she had seen him that day. |
| yesterday (دیروز) | the day before (روز قبل) |
| “I saw him yesterday“, she said. | She said that she had seen him the day before. |
| The day before yesterday (روز قبل ازدیروز) | two days before (دو روز پیش) |
| “I met her the day before yesterday“, he said. | He said that he had met her two days before. |
| Tomorrow (فردا) | the next/following day (روز بعد) |
| “I’ll see you tomorrow“, he said | He said that he would see me the next day. |
| The day after tomorrow (پس فردا) | in two days time/ two days later (دو روز بعد) |
| “We’ll come the day after tomorrow“, they said. | They said that they would come in two days time/ two days later. |
| Next week/month/year (هفته، ماه، سال بعد) | the following week/month/year (هفته، ماه، سال بعد) |
| “I have an appointment next week“, she said. | She said that she had an appointment the following week. |
| Last week/month/year (هفته، ماه، سال پیش) | the previous/week/month/year (هفته، ماه، سال پیش) |
| “I was on holiday last week“, he told us. | He told us that he had been on holiday the previous week. |
| ago (گذشته) | before (قبلی) |
| “I saw her a week ago,” he said. | He said he had seen her a week before. |
| this (for time) (این) | that (آن) |
| “I’m getting a new car this week“, she said. | She said she was getting a new car that week. |
| this/that (adjectives) (این و آن به عنوان صفت) | the (حرف تعریف) |
| “Do you like this shirt?” he asked | He asked if I liked the shirt. |
| here (اینجا) | there (آنجا) |
| He said, “I live here“. | He told me he lived there. |
به طور کلی، ضمایر شخصی به سوم شخص مفرد یا جمع تغییر می کند، به جز مواقعی که گوینده سخنان خود را گزارش می کند:
I/me/my/mine, you/your/yours = him/his/her/hers
we/us/our/ours, you/your/yours = they/their/theirs
He said: “I like your new car.” = He told her that he liked her new car.
او گفت: “من اتومبیل جدیدت را دوست دارم.” = او (مرد) به او (زن) گفت که اتومبیل جدیدش را دوست دارد.
I said: “I’m going to my friend’s house.” = I said that I was going to my friend’s house.
من گفتم: “من به خانه ی دوستم می روم.” = من گفتم که به خانه ی دوستم می رفتم.
اگر علاقه مند به مطالعه بیشتر در مورد دیگر مطالب سخنرانی هستید، اینجا کلیک کنید