چگونه دستور، درخواست و یا پیشنهاد را نقل قول کنیم
هنگامی که می خواهیم یک دستور یا درخواست را گزارش دهیم از یک فعل همانند “tell” به همراه یک عبارت با “to” استفاده می کنیم. برای مثال: He told me to go away
قاعده ساخت جمله ای که در بالا دیدید به این صورت است : فعل + مفعول غیر مستقیم + عبارت با “to” . مفعول غیر مستقیم این جمله فردی است که با او صحبت شده. بقیه فعل هایی که برای این نوع گزارش به کار میروند به شرح زیر است :
command, order, warn, ask, advise, invite, beg, teach, & forbid.
| Direct speech | Indirect speech |
|---|---|
| The doctor said to me, “Stop smoking!”. | The doctor told me to stop smoking. |
| “Get out of the car!” said the policeman. | The policeman ordered him to get out of the car. |
| “Could you please be quiet,” she said. | She asked me to be quiet. |
| The man with the gun said to us, “Don’t move!” | The man with the gun warned us not to move. |
درخواست اشیا
اگر می خواهید شی یا چیزی را درخواست کنید کافیست این ساختار را به کار ببرید :
“asked for” + object.
| Direct speech | Indirect speech |
|---|---|
| “Can I have an apple?”, she asked. | She asked for an apple. |
| “Can I have the newspaper, please?” | He asked for the newspaper. |
| “May I have a glass of water?” he said. | He asked for a glass of water. |
| “Sugar, please.” | She asked for the sugar. |
| “Could I have three kilos of onions?” | He asked for three kilos of onions. |
پیشنهادات
پیشنهادات معمولا با استفاده کردن از افعال “suggest, insist, recommend, demand, request, and propose” گزارش می شوند که به دنباله آن ها عبارت همراه با “that” می آید. همان گونه که در دو مثال اول جدول پایین می بینید، “that” و “should” در این عبارت ها اختیاری هستند. در نظر بگیرید که پس از “suggest, recommend, and propose” اسم های مصدر هم می توانند پدیدار شوند تا مفعول غیر مستقیم (دریافت کننده پیشنهاد) از جمله حذف شود؛ این ساختار پیشنهاد را مودبانه تر می کند . کاربرد اسم مصدری این ساختار در مثال ۴ و ۵ در جدول زیر نمایش داده شده است .
| Direct speech | Indirect speech |
|---|---|
| She said, “Why don’t you get a mechanic to look at the car?” | She suggested that I should get a mechanic to look at the car. OR She suggested I should get a mechanic to look at the car. OR She suggested that I get a mechanic to look at the car.OR She suggested I get a mechanic to look at the car. |
| “Why don’t you go to the doctor?” he said. | He suggested I go to the doctor. OR He suggested that I go to the doctor. OR He suggested I should go to the doctor.OR He suggested that I should go to the doctor. |
| “It would be a good idea to see the dentist”, said my mother. | My mother suggested I see the dentist. |
| The dentist said, “I think you should use a different toothbrush”. | The dentist recommended using a different toothbrush. |
| You said, “I don’t think you have time to see the dentist this week.” | You suggested postponing my visit to the dentist. |
| I said, “I don’t think you should see the dentist this week.” | I suggested postponing your visit to the dentist. |
| My manager said, “I think we should examine the budget carefully at this meeting.” | My manager proposed that we examine the budget carefully at the meeting. |
| “Why don’t you sleep overnight at my house?” she said. | She suggested that I sleep overnight at her house. |
اگر علاقه مند به مطالعه بیشتر در مورد دیگر مطالب سخنرانی هستید، اینجا کلیک کنید